Whole genome sequencing reveals footprints of adaptive genetic variation in populations of Eruca sativa

Populations of Eruca sativa (Brassicaceae) derived from arid and Mediterranean habitats exhibit ecotypic differentiation. Here, pooled DNA sequencing was used to assess adaptive genome differentiation in the two ecotypes. Differentiated SNP loci were scanned with empirical F ST outlier method by correlating allele frequencies environmental parameters. Genetic diversity values relatively higher genome, whereas exhibited stronger directional selection, indicating impact climatic conditions on genetic diversity. GO enrichment analysis categorized annotated differentiated according biological processes, revealing a large set candidate genes related abiotic biotic stress responses. Allelic variation detected regulatory elements coding regions (synonymous non-synonymous mutations) belonging different transcription factors phytohormone signaling, suggesting adaptation both conditions. Furthermore, mutations also found genic synthesis secondary metabolites, including aliphatic glucosinolates their hydrolyzed bioactive compounds, among others. The results this eco-genomic study demonstrate role divergent selection evolutionary processes leading